Lung cancer incidence among workers biologically monitored for occupational exposure to lead: a cohort study.

Even though the smoking prevalence associated with about an 11-fold statistically highly significant increase in the lung cancer risk in the age- and gender-adjusted model, it did not confound the result observed for lead.

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In the previously reported pooled analysis of employees biologically monitored for BL from Finland, UK and US there were statistically significant positive trends using the log of each worker’s maximum BL value for mortality from lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke and heart disease, while borderline significant trend were found for mortality from bladder cancer, brain cancer and larynx cancer ( 11 ).

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There was a clear trend in the lung cancer risk over the BL levels in the follow-up groups of 10–19 years and ≥20 year since the last measurement (the P-value for a trend was <0.0001).

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