Preoperative respiratory strength training is feasible and safe and improves pulmonary physiologic capacity in individuals undergoing cardiovascular surgery.

JTCVS Open · 2023 · PMC10556933 · PMID 37808054

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

24 , 25 , 26 Although post-RST changes in voluntary PEF, cough spirometry metrics, and LCADL scores did not reach statistical significance, promising improvement trends emerged with these secondary outcome measures.

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