Modulation of gut microbiota: a novel approach to enhancing the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

A retrospective cohort study showed that patients treated with ICIs taking sufficient dietary fiber intake had significantly longer PFS than those taking insufficient dietary fiber intake (median PFS not reached versus 13 months), with the longest PFS observed in patients reporting sufficient dietary fiber intake and no probiotic use, in which microbial alpha diversity, Ruminococcaceae family, and Faecalibacterium genus abundances were numerically higher, although the results did not reach statistical significance. 59 Bindels et al. 109 defined prebiotics as ‘a nondigestible compound that, through its metabolization by microorganisms in the gut, modulates composition and activity of the gut microbiota, thus conferring a beneficial physiological effect on the host’.

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There may be significant differences in quality, 100 which affect the efficacy and safety of these products.

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