Cigarette smoke causes a bioenergetic crisis in RPE cells involving the downregulation of HIF-1α under normoxia.

Cell Death Discov · 2023 · PMC10600121 · PMID 37880219

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showed a trendno p-value reported

HIF-2α showed a trend towards downregulation by CSE but the effect was not as pronounced as for HIF-1α (Fig. 2D ).

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