Esophageal squamous papilloma: Literature review and case-control retrospective study with histopathological exam of human papillomavirus.

15 ESP patients had a higher rate of smoking compared to the general population in the Italian study, but it did not reach statistical significance. 15 Lastly, minor esophageal trauma has been reported to precede ESP formation, as noted in an esophageal cancer case symptomatically managed with a stent, which then became complicated by dysphagia due to ESP. 34 A theory combining all the previously mentioned factors may explain some ESP lesions, but many patients do not have any of the suggested mechanisms or risk factors.

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