Increased bacterial taxonomic and functional diversity is associated with impaired rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity in infants from India and Malawi.

Notably, this skew was highly significant even in comparisons in which all FDR P values were above > 0.2 (e.g. pathway and EC analyses in Malawian infants).

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While the abundances of genera, species, pathways, and enzymes – either individually or collectively – served as poor predictors of ORV response, there was a clear trend towards higher microbiome diversity in ORV non-responders compared with responders.

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