Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics and Cause-specific Outcomes in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Nonetheless, the trend was the opposite for CV mortality, though the association did not reach statistical significance.[ 37 ] In the nationwide Swedish Heart Failure Registry the adjusted risk for mortality in HFrEF was higher compared with HFpEF at 30 days (1.35; 95% CI [1.14–1.60]), 1 year (HR=1.26; 95% CI [1.17–1.35]) and 3 years (HR=1.20; 95% CI [1.14–1.26]).[ 57 ] The PREVEND study from the Netherlands demonstrated that 5-year all-cause mortality was higher for subjects with incident HFrEF compared with incident HFpEF (p=0.038).[ 41 ] A multicentre study from Italy demonstrated that adjusted mortality was lower in HFpEF versus HFrEF (HR=0.75; 95% CI [0.67–0.84]; p<0.001).

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