Associations between maternal chronic diseases and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in offspring: a population-based cohort study.

Clin Kidney J · 2023 · PMC10689185 · PMID 38046024

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0001

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.6549

boldest claim

The sentences

an increasing trendP < .0001actually significant

Among specific types of CAKUT, an increasing trend was found in renal anomalies (from 0.26 to 0.55 per 1000 live births, P < .0001).

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did not reach statistical significanceP = .6549not close (p > 0.1)

Observing the year-to-year changes in prevalence, the trend test shows that the trend in overall infants’ CAKUT did not reach statistical significance ( P = .6549).

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an interesting trendno p-value reported

Family income showed an interesting trend for infant CAKUT.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.