showed a trendp = 0.070
Furthermore, analysis of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and Ak strain transforming (Akt) phosphorylation (key signaling molecules involved in cell growth and survival [ 34 , 37 , 38 ]) through Western blotting showed a trend of enhanced activation of both Erk1/2 ( p = 0.070) and Akt ( p = 0.910) pathways.