Among the pH conditions tested, droplets with a pH of 3.8 exhibited the highest mean homogeneous freezing temperature at −25.9 ± 0.7 °C, while the most acidic droplets (pH = −0.1) displayed the lowest mean homogeneous freezing temperature at −37.4 ± 1.9 °C. These findings suggest an increasing trend in homogeneous freezing temperatures with decreasing acidity, indicating that greater acidity can depress homogeneous ice nucleation.
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The sentences
It is worth noting that the AS/SA/poly(ethylene glycol) samples showed a trend of decreasing heterogeneous core freezing temperature with increasing acidity for droplets with pH < 1.5.