Mapping expectancy-based appetitive placebo effects onto the brain in women.

A linear mixed effects model fitted to stimulus value ratings (i.e., how much participants wanted to eat the food items) found a main effect of group ( ß = 0.10, SE = 0.03, p = 0.003, 95% CI [0.03–0.16]), controlled for BMI, which had a borderline significant effect on stimulus value ratings ( ß = 0.01, SE = 0.006 p = 0.05, 95% CI [−0.0002 to 0.02]).

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To test if this preference for high calorie food differed between groups, a linear mixed effects model revealed a small, borderline non-significant main effect of calorie level (high vs. low) on stimulus value ratings ( β calorie level = 0.02 ± 0.01, t(506) = 1.95, p = 0.052, 95% CI [2.20e-4 to 0.05]) and a significant main effect of group ( β group = 0.09 ± 0.03, t(506) = 2.71, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.02–0.15]).

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