Age-period-cohort analysis of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years of esophageal cancer in global, regional and national regions from 1990 to 2019.

Drift above 0.0% per year is considered an increasing trend, while drift below 0.0% per year shows a decreasing percentage change next year.

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Except for areas with high SDI, the risk of birth queue in other areas showed a trend that women were higher than men in 1890–1945, and then men were higher than women (Fig. 7 , Table S1 ).

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In addition, there may be significant differences in incidence between different regions of the same country, whereas GBD does not have a detailed record of development within the country.

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