Use of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaires for clinical decision-making and psychological referral in ophthalmic care: a multicentre observational study.

Compared with having elementary school education, patients with higher education levels had lower depression scores, and this pattern was confirmed for anxiety with borderline significance for those with secondary and university education.

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Females were more likely to have anxiety than males, and this pattern also approached significance for depression.

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