moderately significantp = 0.05
Subgroup analysis In terms of the effect size of the amount of change in DCS scores, a moderately significant tendency was observed with “uncertainty” [Z (22) = –1.94, p = 0.05, r = 0.41] and “effective decision-making” [Z (22) = –2.24, p = 0.03, r = 0.48] in people who were living alone and with “clarification of values” [t (49) = 1.90, p = 0.06, d = 0.55] in older adults aged 75 and older.