Osteogenic human MSC-derived extracellular vesicles regulate MSC activity and osteogenic differentiation and promote bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model.

Stem Cell Res Ther · 2024 · PMC10848378 · PMID 38321490

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In the hMSC treated with Osteo-EVs, four genes, namely MMP8, BMP2, IBSP, and MMP13, showed greater than twofold upregulation compared with the hMSC treated with control medium, whereas the Naïve-EVs group showed a trend towards downregulation of osteogenic gene expression (Fig. 4 e).

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