only marginally significantp = 0.05 − 0
roxellana Host gender showed only marginally significant effects on the gut microbial alpha- and beta-diversity ( p = 0.05 − 0.1 in two-way PERMANOVA; Fig. 5 a − b and S3 a − c), while host age was significantly associated with gut microbial diversity indices ( p < 0.05 in both one-way and two-way PERMANOVA; Fig. 5 c − d and S3 d − f).