Partitioning genetic effects on birthweight at classical human leukocyte antigen loci into maternal and fetal components, using structural equation modelling.

A total of 19 HLA alleles had nominally significant maternal and/or fetal effects on BW ( P <0.05; Supplementary Table S7 , available as Supplementary data at IJE online); 13 of the 19 alleles had evidence for a maternal effect only, four alleles primarily had evidence for a fetal effect only and two alleles had evidence of both.

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