Cigarette and ENDS dual use longitudinal transitions among adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, Waves 4-5 (2016-2019).

The 45 % reduction in odds approached but did not reach statistical significance. 2.2 W5 No Past 30-Day Cigarette Smoking: W4 adults who smoked cigarettes non-daily were more likely than those who smoked daily to not smoke cigarettes in the past 30 days at W5 (AOR: 4.30, 95 % CI: 3.02, 6.13; Table 2 ), after adjusting for covariates and W4 daily/non-daily ENDS use.

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