Historically, LC rates were predominantly higher in older male smokers, yet recent epidemiological data suggest not only a continuously increasing female-to-male incidence rate ratio [ 4 ], exceeding 1.0 in the younger age group of 30–49 years [ 5 ], but also a quite significant proportion of non-smoking LC cases varying between 10 and 16% for men and women, respectively [ 6 , 7 ].
1
—
—