Overexpression of Human sFLT1 in the Spongiotrophoblast Is Sufficient to Induce Placental Dysfunction and Fetal Growth Restriction in Transgenic Mice.

Tnfα mRNA expression showed a trend towards a decrease in FGR placentas of female fetuses ( Figure 5 D), but TNFα protein levels were increased in both sexes of the FGR group, with a significant increase seen in females ( Figure 5 F,I).

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