Three-Dimensionally Cultured Jaw Periosteal Cells Attenuate Macrophage Activation of CD4⁺ T Cells and Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis.

[ 33 ], CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor-1, SDF-1) showed a trend of activating M1 macrophages more effectively, without reaching significance.

also in 53,322 other papers

In contrast, the expression of CCL3 , CD163 and VEGFA genes showed an increasing trend in the 3DJPC/3DOBJPC-M2 groups when compared with the cell-free controls TCP/OBTCP-M2.

also in 63,971 other papers

The expression level of pro-inflammatory TNF-α in co-cultured M2 macrophages also showed a decreasing trend in the 3DJPC/3DOBJPC-M2 groups compared to the control groups.

also in 47,180 other papers