highly significantp < 0.001
H1N1 given 48 h prior to SARS-CoV-2 almost completely abrogated SARS-CoV-2-typical weight loss in both sexes, beginning at 2 dpi, and increasing to highly significant protection ( p < 0.001) from 5 dpi onwards.
H1N1 given 48 h prior to SARS-CoV-2 almost completely abrogated SARS-CoV-2-typical weight loss in both sexes, beginning at 2 dpi, and increasing to highly significant protection ( p < 0.001) from 5 dpi onwards.
IFN-γ expression was relatively higher at 2 dpi in the dual-infected group (comparable to expression 4 dpi in singly infected H1N1 hamsters) compared to singly infected animals; however, this did not reach statistical significance.