Association of vitamin D with HIV infected individuals, TB infected individuals, and HIV-TB co-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

explored the VDD was associated with an increased risk of developing active tuberculosis in subjects with latent tuberculosis infection ( 6 , 7 ) and was associated with an increased risk of tuberculin skin test conversion/tuberculosis infection conversion, and there was a trend for subjects with active tuberculosis to have lower levels of vitamin D compared to those with latent tuberculosis infection did not reach statistical significance, suggesting that VDD is more likely to be a risk factor rather than a consequence of tuberculosis disease ( 6 ).

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