highly significantp ≤ .001
The effect of ZING extract and SIM on glucose, insulin, HOMA IR, and leptin levels As shown in Tables 8 and 9 , it was observed that ZING extract decreased glucose level significantly ( p ≤ .05) by 21.66 % when administrated individually to HFD‐fed rats compared to HFD group, similarly HOMA IR mildly significantly decreased ( p ≤ .05) by 21.87% and leptin highly significantly decreased ( p ≤ .001) by 43.15% in HFD‐fed rats received ZING individually compared to the HFD‐fed rat group, and this effect increases by using ZING in combination with SIM, which showed the best results as significantly decreasing glucose ( p ≤ .01) by 33.33 %, highly significantly decreasing HOMA IR ( p ≤ .001) by 43.75 %, and highly significantly decreasing leptin ( p ≤ .001) by 49.58% when compared to HFD group.