showed a trendp > 0.05
( 30 ), who behaved as an outlier ( Figure 2B ), the overall results showed a trend indicating that ventilation with HTV may provide protection against VAP (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.13 to 1.66; p > 0.05) with no heterogeneity ( I 2 : 0%) ( Figure 2C ). 3.4 Risk of VAP and mortality Only three studies assessed a composite outcome (VAP and mortality) ( 7 , 12 , 30 ).