Effectiveness of Electroencephalography Neurofeedback for Improving Working Memory and Episodic Memory in the Elderly: A Meta-Analysis.

Alpha up-training improved working memory (k = 3, Hedges’ g = 0.721, 95% CI = 0.232 to 1.209, p -value = 0.004, I 2 = 0) but did not achieve significance for episodic memory (k = 3, Hedges’ g = 0.339, 95% CI = −0.009 to 0.687, p -value = 0.056, I 2 = 0) in the elderly. 3.5.

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pre–post studies, the effect sizes in the pre–post studies group are slightly larger than those in the controlled studies group, the difference did not reach statistical significance, both in working memory and episodic memory.

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