Comparison of the efficacy of <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> Δ<i>hisJ</i> vaccine in <i>Carassius auratus</i> via different immunization routes.

Analysis of bacterial load in the liver, spleen, and kidney post-challenge showed a decreasing trend in the control group, indicating that the vaccine strain ΔhisJ could gradually restrict the rapid proliferation of bacteria in these tissues, thereby providing a certain level of immune protection against A. veronii .

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In contrast, the bacterial load in the liver, spleen, and kidney of the control group fish showed a trend of increase or maintained a high level without decreasing.

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