Turning pain into strength: prosocial behaviours in coping with trauma.

The main effect of trauma on sense of meaningfulness was marginally significant, F (1,92) = 3.51, p = .06, η p 2 = 0.04, with lower scores in the trauma group ( M = 4.27, SD = 1.16) than in the control group ( M = 4.63, SD = 1.05; t (94) = −1.87, p Bonferroni = .06, d = −0.39), suggesting that recalling trauma experience threatened the sense of meaningfulness in life.

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Fifth, some of our findings exhibited marginal significance, thus requiring greater caution in interpreting and generalizing these results.

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Fourth, because of the small sample size, especially in Study 3, the results did not reach statistical significance.

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