Dietary fiber guar gum-induced shift in gut microbiota metabolism and intestinal immune activity enhances susceptibility to colonic inflammation.

Comparison of immune markers in colonic tissue derived from control and GuD-fed mice revealed heightened expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNos ) with an increasing trend in interleukin-6 ( Il-6) ( Figure 6(a,b) ).

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However, ELISA-based measurement of colonic Lcn2 in the proximal region showed an upward trend ( Figure 1(h) ), but this difference did not reach statistical significance, likely due to higher variability observed within the GuD-fed group in the proximal colon.

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