Mendelian randomization and transcriptome analysis identified immune-related biomarkers for osteoarthritis.

The greenyellow module had a highly significant positive correlation with central memory CD8 T cells, effector memory CD8 T cells, immature dendritic cells, macrophages, and Th1 cells.

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When the Bonferroni-corrected p-value threshold was less than 0.017 (correcting for 3 exposures and 1 outcome), the correlation was considered to have statistical significance, while a p-value less than 0.05 was regarded as nominally significant evidence of a potential causal association ( 46 ). 3 Results 3.1 Assessment of immune infiltration in OA patients Given the importance of changes in the immune microenvironment contributing to the progression of OA, we compared the immune scores of OA and normal individuals in the discovery dataset, which provided a qualitative assessment of the immune microenvironment ( Figure 2A ).

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