Diabetic Rats Induced Using a High-Fat Diet and Low-Dose Streptozotocin Treatment Exhibit Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Osteoporotic Bone Pathologies.

The serial measurement of PINP and CTX-1 levels, as bone turnover markers at five time points (week 2, 5,8,11, and 14 after STZ injection), revealed that rats in the DM group had reduced bone turnover compared to those in the control group ( Figure 2 J,K), although the difference in CTX-1 level between groups did not reach statistical significance.

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