Risk Factors Associated with First Time and Recurrent Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review.

Internal and external rotation shoulder strength at various degrees of shoulder abduction had minimal association with shoulder dislocation that did not reach statistical significance, as assessed by hazard ratios. 37,39 One study investigating the association between strength and instability boasted a “good quality” rating ( Table 2 ) and a large cohort size (n = 1,428), 39 whereas the other failed to report critical data and was received a “fair” quality rating. 37 These studies included both anterior and posterior first time shoulder dislocation and/or subluxation making it difficult to link strength to any particular direction of shoulder instability.

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