Effects of extremely preterm birth on cytokine and chemokine responses induced by T-cell activation during infancy.

Results Postnatal immune development in EPT infants The PLS‐DA model of anti‐CD3/CD28‐induced cytokine and chemokine levels was highly significant ( P < 0.001) in separating EPT at different time points, even if some overlapping could be seen between groups (Figure 1b ).

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Th17 immune mediators showed marked differences between EPT and FT infants at D14 and a clear trend of increasing levels with postnatal age in EPT infants Anti‐CD3/CD28‐induced IL‐17, CCL20 and GM‐CSF, but not IL‐6, levels were lower at D14 in EPT than in FT infants (Supplementary figure 6 ).

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