The difference of affect improvement effect of music intervention in aerobic exercise at different time periods.

In addition, the SDNN values showed a trend of a decrease followed by an increase in the pre- and post-tests, and the differences in the changes were significant ( F = 13.078, p = 0.032, ɳp 2 = 0.231).

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Meanwhile, the subjects’ positive affect scores in the pre- and post-tests showed an overall trend of an increase followed by a decrease, but the differences are not significant ( F = 0.791, p = 0.457, ɳp 2 = 0.018).

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The results of the study showed that the post-test scores of the subjects’ negative emotions have a decreasing trend compared with the pre-test scores after completing a certain degree of exercise intensity combined with music listening, and this trend is apparent in the four groups with different intervention periods.

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Moreover, the post-test scores of the subjects’ positive affect showed an increasing trend compared with the pre-test scores.

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