Interventions to alleviate anxiety and pain during venipuncture in children with chronic gastrointestinal and/or liver disease: A single-center prospective observational study.

The model for HCPs‐rated pain showed a significant main effect for the contrast T1–T2 ( β = −1.40, t = 2.34, p = .020), intervention group ( β = −2.01, t = 2.56, p = .011), age ( β = −0.36, t = 5.11, p = <.001), and a nearly significant main effect for the contrast T1–T3 ( β = −1.36, t = 1.93, p = .055) and status of liver transplantation ( β = −0.60, t = 1.70, p = .091).

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