Investigating the mechanism of interfacial tension reduction through the combination of low-salinity water and bacteria.

The contrasting interactions between anions and cations with bacteria and asphaltene B, as well as the interaction between asphaltene B and bacteria, result in an IFT behavior that does not exhibit a clear trend concerning increasing the percentage of asphaltene B.

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The trend of changes in IFT with increasing salt salinity shows an increasing trend for MgCl 2 , a decreasing trend for NaCl, and a dual behavior (decreasing-increasing) for CaCl 2 .

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