β,γ-Methylene-ATP and its metabolite medronic acid affect both arterial media calcification and bone mineralization in non-CKD and CKD rats.

Although not significant, a decreasing trend is shown for the calcium content of the femoral arteries in β,γ-meATP–treated rats versus vehicle-treated rats ( Figure 1C ).

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Based on aortic calcification scores, β,γ-meATP and its metabolite MDP showed a trend towards lower calcium scores, although this did not reach statistical significant. β,γ-meATP and MDP abolish the upregulation of Sox9 aortic mRNA expression (an osteo-/chondrogenic marker), mediated by the presence of arterial media calcification, in adenine-exposed rats Warfarin (non-CKD)–induced arterial media calcification rat study The aortic mRNA expression of genes involved in the trans-differentation towards osteo-/chondrogenic cells, including Sox9 and Alpl (encoding TNAP) and the pyrophosphate/inorganic phosphate (PP i /P i ) ratio including Enpp1 and Enpp3, were analyzed.

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