Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC): Prevalence, Impact and Management Challenge.

The subgroup analysis showed a significant benefit in OS, although the UTUC subgroup (205 patients, 34%) did not reach statistical significance (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.57–1.27). 43 More recently, the phase III trial EV-302 ( NCT04223856 ), which recruited nearly 900 patients with untreated metastatic UC, found that OS doubled in patients who received EV combined with pembrolizumab compared to platinum-based chemotherapy (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.38–0.58; p =0.001). 44 This groundbreaking study has changed first-line therapy for metastatic UC, with EV combined with pembrolizumab recently becoming standard of care. 48 Subgroup analysis revealed similar responses in both upper and lower tract UC ( Figure 1 ).

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