The impact of chronic electronic cigarette use on endothelial dysfunction measured by flow-mediated vasodilation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

24 indicated lower FMD levels in exclusive e-cigarette use compared to non-use, although these outcomes did not reach statistical significance (6.6 ± 3.6% vs 7.7 ± 4.5%; p=0.35, and 6.32 ± 4.15% vs 6.53±3.98%; p=0.58, respectively).

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