Bioavailability of Lutein from Marigold Flowers (Free vs. Ester Forms): A Randomised Cross-Over Study to Assess Serum Response and Visual Contrast Threshold in Adults.

[ 49 ], a slight trend towards an improvement in the glare sensitivity (mainly at medium frequencies) was observed from the first to the third month of supplementation (20 mg/day), and only after six months of lutein supplementation was a significant change observed in healthy subjects.

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Age and sex had a weak effect on the serum lutein response to the supplementation (free or ester lutein), with higher responses in men than in women and in the older group (50–65 years), although this did not reach statistical significance.

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