The development status and future trends of lubricant additives technology: Based on patents analysis.

Currently, to keep up with the advancements in mechanical engineering and the evolving requirements of internal combustion engines in cars, the use of different types and functions of additives in lubricating oils (base oils) has become a significant trend.

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Results and discussion 3.1 Distribution and knowledge flows of patents 3.1.1 Temporal and spatial distribution of patents As a key symbol of technological development and market demand, patent applications also serve as a tangible output of R&D activities, which have important indicative significance [ 32 ].

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