Association between nut consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees.

Moreover, replacing carbohydrate snacks with nuts during the intervention period of 16 weeks decreased waist circumference in US women, with a mean difference of −2.20 cm, and showed a trend toward reduced visceral fat, with a change of −5.27 ± 13.05 cm 2 ( 39 ).

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Regarding the contribution of macronutrients to energy intake, among the total participants, men, and women, the proportion of energy derived from carbohydrate decreased with increasing nut consumption, whereas the contributions of protein and fat to energy intake showed an increasing trend ( p for trend <0.001).

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