Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy for Upper Lumbar Disc Herniation versus lower lumbar disc herniation: clinical outcomes and technical consideration.

BMC Musculoskelet Disord · 2024 · PMC11179340 · PMID 38879478

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showed a trendno p-value reported

The L1–L3 group showed a trend toward longer surgical time, longer postoperative hospitalization stays, and more estimated blood loss than the L4–L5 group, but without statistical significance.

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