Changes in above- versus belowground biomass distribution in permafrost regions in response to climate warming.

Although more than half of the samples in both vegetation types showed a positive trend in both above- and belowground biomass, a substantial proportion (21.2%) of samples showed almost no change in aboveground biomass (<1.0 g decade −1 ) and a decreasing trend in belowground biomass (>−3.5 g decade −1 ) in the alpine meadow.

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Between 1995 and 2021, estimated plot-level η increased in alpine wetlands, where 56.9% of the samples of all six plant species showed a positive trend in aboveground biomass (>3.5 g decade −1 species −1 ) while almost no change in belowground biomass was found for each time series (< 1.0 g decade −1 species −1 ) ( Fig. 3 A and SI Appendix , Fig.

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In the alpine steppe, 22.4% of samples showed a negative trend (−2.7 g decade −1 ) in aboveground biomass but a positive trend in belowground biomass (4.6 g decade −1 ) ( Fig. 3 and SI Appendix , Fig.

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