Frailty increases the long-term risk for fall and fracture-related hospitalizations and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older women.

A meta-analysis of seven longitudinal studies (with a relatively short follow-up period ranging from 1 to 4 yr) reported that frailty was significantly associated with a higher risk for incident falls in both men and women, although pre-frailty did not reach statistical significance for those studies reporting HRs. 30 Similarly, frailty and pre-frailty were both found to associate with higher risk of fractures in a meta-analysis of six studies of both men and women. 12 However, all studies included in these systematic reviews were based on physical frailty.

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