Avelumab in Combination With Lorlatinib or Crizotinib in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced NSCLC: Phase 1b/2 Results From the JAVELIN Lung 101 Trial.

14 In a phase 3 trial of avelumab versus docetaxel as second-line treatment for PD-L1–positive advanced NSCLC (JAVELIN Lung 200), overall survival (OS) differences did not reach statistical significance in the overall population, but 2-year OS rates were doubled with avelumab in subgroups defined by tumors with higher PD-L1 expression. 15 , 16 In a phase 3 trial of avelumab versus platinum doublet chemotherapy as first-line treatment for PD-L1–high NSCLC (JAVELIN Lung 100), differences in OS and progression-free survival (PFS; primary end points) were not statistically significant. 17 TKIs have various immunomodulatory effects in the tumor microenvironment, 18 providing a rationale for assessing ICI plus TKI combinations in patients with ALK -positive or ALK -negative advanced NSCLC.

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