Experimental research on damage characteristics of red sandstone under the combined action of temperature, water and stress.

Under consistent temperature conditions, peak strength decreases as soaking time increases, while the elastic modulus and dilatancy onset stress show a decreasing trend followed by an increase.

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With the increase of temperature, the saturated water content percentage showed a trend of increase first and then decrease, and was the largest at 55 °C; with the increase of temperature, the mechanical parameters (peak intensity, elasticity modulus, and stress at start point of expansion) decreased first and then increased, and was the smallest at 55 °C; (2) the ratio of crack initiation stress to peak stress (σci/σf) initially increases and then decreases with rising temperatures for the same soaking duration.

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