difference was apparentP = 1.39 × 10 −50
This difference was apparent regardless of whether the minor allele is associated with higher (Δmean |log 2 (aFC)| = −0.277; two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test: W = 928,592, P = 1.39 × 10 −50 ) or lower expression (Δmean |log 2 (aFC) = −0.268; two-tailed Wilcoxon rank sum test: W = 967,228, P = 2.97 × 10 −47 ), consistent with a model of stabilizing selection whereby gene expression is maintained within an optimal range.