Accordingly, of the two non-significant studies in our sample, one of them–the ACCORD trial [ 60 ]–had a replication with a significant result–in this case, a large meta-analysis that reached marginal significance (p = 0.04).
Inflation increased slightly when effect sizes were coined (i.e., when the percentage of non-responders was used as the outcome) and when publication order was not taken into account (i.e., when highly cited studies were always considered as the reference), but remained low on average and did not reach statistical significance in any of our analyses.