Recurrent adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas show MAPK pathway activation, clonal evolution and rare TP53-loss-mediated malignant progression.

Quantification of p-ERK1/2-positive cells showed a trend of decreased positivity in both Hesx1 Cre/ + ; Ctnnb1 lox(ex3)/ + ; Trp53 fl/fl and Hesx1 Cre/ + ; Ctnnb1 lox(ex3)/ + ; Trp53 fl/ + tumours, although it was not significant when compared to Hesx1 Cre/ + ; Ctnnb1 lox(ex3)/ + ; Trp53 + / + ( p = 0.2339) (Fig. 4 E, G).

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